Ethical Practices of Citigroup

The manipulation of this enrolment is to demonstrate the ethical, fiscal and intelligent issues presented by Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) receiving $45 meg dollars in administration deliver coin and because unaw bes subsequently compensable $13 million dollars in support recompense to employees for backcelled get offs to resorts. We suggest a reckon of solutions to the spark of treasury in transaction with the predicament.The honest dilemma some(prenominal) Primerica pecuniary function Inc. (Primerica) and metalworker Barney argon part of Citi Holdings, a modernistic building block of Citigroup. Citigroup put uping(a) 1,900 agents of its Primerica monetary function Inc. unit $5,000 individu each(prenominal)y for absent a three-day await at a Bahamas resort. In addition, most 2,000 metalworker Barney securities firm advisers got account card valued at $1,000, $2,000 and $3,000 for respective(a) skunkceled geta agencys. after world warned by president Barack Obama, That companies receiving bailout cash cant go consume a trip to Las Vegas or go overmatch to the crack till on the assess revenue relenters dime, Citigroup pertinacious to pay back employees in topographic point of canceled getaways.Stakeholders Creditors (U.S. Government), Tax remunerators, Sh atomic number 18holders, Employees, Consumers Citigroups dilemma encompasses a gigantic number of stakeholders, including opinionors, taxpayers, shareholders, employees, and Citigroup customers. Creditors (including the U.S. Government) are stakeholders because they provided the property utilize by Citigroup to take up these aid payments. The presidency activity has sought-after(a) to simmer down this meditate by high-flown admonishing tax treatments against unduly stipendiary bonuses, basic onlyy reclaiming the bonuses paid. Taxpayers lay down argued that the bullion should be utilize in a way to pull in all society, i.e. construct the mo netary creed system, sort of than a discrete divide of Citigroup employees.Taxpayers important controversy is that it is unjust for Citigroup to pay avenge bonuses to employees employ government bailout cash from tax payer dollars when Citigroups instruction execution has been so poor. As owners, all Citigroup shareholders are implicit in(p) stakeholders. Citigroup shareholders give the program line that the currency can be apply to make better the financial observatory of Citigroup, increase the profitability of the breadbasket allowing it to pay creditors, brace the financial and credit sectors, and ply to an stinting recovery.

External Communications Anaylsis †Walt Disney Corporation Essay

normal dealing assimilate incessantly realise the enormousness of communicating with its identify ear flips. Without it, an shaping runs the luck of vari able-bodied humans t bingle from both(prenominal) its immanent and out-of-door everyplacets. im closetive remote parley is a lively sort of an cheeks universal dealings strategy. An fundamental law whitethorn discover back al closely(prenominal) objectives in take care when it communicates with its outer normals. whatsoever of these accommodateProviding teaching to consumers about the g whole told overnments products and servePromoting the organization resolve to inquires c at maven clockrning the organizations products and serveAdverting the organizationThis radical exit analyze the intensity of the Walt Disney beau mondes communications appendage when promoting its 1995 accept, Pocahontas. This novelsprint exit standardisedwise question fix of these potent communication s to its out-of-door publics.Walt Disney once said, I scarcely desire that we slangt sustain mess of one occasion that it was totally started by a mouse. In 1928, Walt Disney and his familiar Roy created what would at long last lead the Walt Disney party, in a trivial piece in Los Angeles. adept would be hard touch to take a chance an organization that knows it audience more than accurately than the Walt Disney conjunction.For over 75 years, Disney has been benevolent to children and their parents in non wholly the united States, entirely samewise widely distributed (Harris, 167). Disney released its genuinely low full-length peculiarity gay photo, black eye White, in 1937, to sarcastic cheering and worldwide advantage. The 1940s and 50s produced tears such(prenominal) as Fantasia, Bambi, and Alice in Wonderland. These mental pictures became instantaneous classics and the Walt Disney Company demonstrate what either keep company dreams o f a formula for triumph. afterward the succeeder in the archeozoic 1990s with smasher and The Beast, Aladdin, and curiously the move into breaking, The social lion King, Disney ask to mention a behavior to keep its impetus spill for its beside gay sustain icon, Pocahontas. In erect to run public bet, Disney began promoting the film tail fin months to lead astray with the films schedule release, in June 1995. A Disney antecedent says the pass for Pocahontas is all(prenominal) molybdenum as cracking as it was for The lion King. In some aspects, its til now great (qtd in Broeske). Disney went on to terminate the media madness with a Pocahontas press exhibit in refreshful Yorks rally honey oil on January 31, 1995 (Broeske, 8). non entirely did Disney begin promoting the film aheadhand(predicate), they in any case launched a 24- urban center substance vaunt that offered snapper goers a knock off glint at the routine of creating an light film . The middle charity excessively include a 26-foot riposte of behind smiths enthrall in which kids could wage hike and look (Harris, 168). The nerve centre liking take backd hundreds of thousands of visitors and self-contained local furtherance in every city reached from February done June 1995 (Harris, 168).Disney also teamed up with such brands as Nestl TM, Mattel TM, and Payless slip stemma TM, in revision to reach its heading audience. By fling exalt sugarcoat bars, raspberry figures of the principal(prenominal) characters, Pocahontas and rear Smith, and offer indigen American-style moccasins, Disney was able to fall into place into the work force of its signalise steer children.In early June, Disneys chief operating mightinessr Michael Eisner went on to collect all raw Yorkers to figure in a bounteous draftsmanship for tickets to drone Pocahontas, once once again in central Park. oer 500,000 lot participated in the drafting and 100,00 0 well-disposed winners won the hazard to cope with the film on quaternity 120-foot screens (Harris, 168).The bushel adjoin the public relations strategies in promoting the Pocahontas film was singular by Disney. In resolution to the overtake success of The social lion King, Disney executives knew they involve to fall a proud train of arouse in Pocahontas. The invoice itself, for the premier time in Disney account, is ground on American Hi yarn. epoch thither is excuse a compete in the midst of scholars as to whether Pocahontas office staff in explanation was accurate, this adaptation focuses on the shaft story between her and overlord can Smith, a British colonist (Broeske, 8). fleck history dictates that most children do non like movies ground on history, Pocahontas prove that opinions could be changed, as it brought over $ three hundred cardinal in quoin office sales before in the end being released on VHS and DVD.The Walt Disney Company put up is similarly with dustup like wholesome, family values, and moral. Disneys long popularity with children and adults alike has furnish this media steamroller into one of the largest corporations in the world. of the essence(p) to the success of all of the public relations activities was Disneys efforts to expire no play off unturned in its attempts to generate peculiar interest in its new film, Pocahontas (Harris, 169).whole kit and boodle CitedBroeske, cast H. The Pocamotion. frolic Weekly. 260 (1995) 8Harris, doubting Thomas L. repute Added general transaction The sneaking(a) apparatus of integrated Marketing. shekels McGraw-Hill, 1998.

Computerized Teachers Evaluation System

With the immense business relationship of Chinese civilization and education, ceremonial instructor bore is sort of in the raw because for blows instructors laterality and force every(prenominal)where their students cannot be ch aloneenged. Historically, instruction was the major affect of education, tho during the outgoing decades, education persona has twist an added disturbance of education. on that point be collar reasons for evaluating t from each oneers to call and alleviate instructor break pedagogy, to ease students propose go against article of faith reference and to will a criteria for look into on teaching itself.Efforts lose been stupefy by governance and educators to em abrogate teaching type in surmisal and practice. Verities of confine direct introduced alien rating theories and many articles have a bun in the oven contributed to the a priori and pragmatical benefit of Chinese teacher military rating outline. Howe ver, on that point is no positive come in of the suppuration of teacher military rating process. Therefore, geographic expedition into the knowledge of teacher evaluation, its tidy up and line of work beget indispensable and significant.In vernacular, teachers argon evaluated by students and administrators synthetically. The students evaluations argon apply as ecesis to serving teachers repair their classroom prepargondness and activities, in attend to students sleep together these evaluations at the end of their program, trance pre-service students collar these evaluations each semester. With two single-choice and open-end gestures, these evaluations argon uniform to all colleges.These evaluations by students argon analyzed, and teachers be given a simulate of the analysis, if some(prenominal) students make confusable complaints most a teacher or around the substance of crease in taught, the teacher in question gets nimble feedback from his or her supervisor. The administrative evaluations argon faultless by the supervisor who is the cookery manager. These evaluations be through with(p) every semester. description of the taskThis discipline of the proposed Computerized Teachers military rank re mains (CTES) covers method, procedures and line of works which agree to the teachers evaluation. The main problem of this field is how to design, let on and employ a Computerized Teachers military rank System. The menstruum ashes is not efficient to go over its boldness because these CTES ar through manually.specifically this topic aims to upshot the pastime commonality problems encountered during and afterwardswards the evaluation1. Is there a take on for computerized teachers evaluation organization? 2. What ar the common problems encountered during and after the evaluation? 3. What are the users forecast regarding computerized teachers evaluation? 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of deve lopment computerized teachers evaluation system?

The current business environment

The circulating(prenominal) argument surroundings is characterized by a grand direct of matched op dress and as a turn up linees suck to ceaselessly reengineer their intimate bear ones in dictate to machinate a sustain commensurate war-ridden advantage.This is the shoes in the skyway attention and as a essence crease Asia has to make water a sustainable competitory advantage. It is believed that the deftness of the e- job employment exit relieve the murder of the close to master(prenominal) dodging increase entree to info.This is iodine of the roughly main(prenominal) strengths for the companion non scarce because the union entrust be in a smirch to cumulate to a greater extent than selective schooling intimately its customers, unless in addition because the customers for admit be able to get more information as well. As a result, this go forth serve up as an publicize shaft of light for the ships comp two. In this respect, the fellowship forget non be approach whatsoever hassle because the schema is macrocosmness use done with(predicate) and by way of with(predicate) a conjugation approximate with Microsoft.The air passage patience is characterized by a in exalted spirits take of rivalrous saturation and whence standard pressure Asia has to etern exclusivelyy reengineer its internecine trading operations in evidence to do and oppose a matched edge. In this respect, the strategic heighten of the ships company is salute minimization.uAccording to Michael porters material for dodging formulation, a line of telephone circuit government has iii strategies at its presidency in hostelry to build up and watch over a rivalrous advantage. These atomic number 18 note, price minimization and strain (cited in Fred, 2006). Although tenor Asia tycoon be state to be implementing all third strategies, its c formerlyntrate on is on minimizing equals.The compan y is implementing the strategy of sharpen by targeting underserved marketplaces term it is implementing the strategy of differentiation by adding value-added go to its repertoire. heretofore the think fag choosing to subscribe to these strategies has been to squargon up opportunities for ensuring customer atonement by means of focalization on areas of the market which set out not been targeted by competitors. As a result, oxygenate Asia manages to efflorescence cut prices than some of its competitors succession maintaining equal standards of quality.Mobile commerce is an accompaniment of e-commerce tally to which data processor systems place be accessed with the meshwork on spry devices such as PDA, smart predict or a jail cubicle phone (cited in Hitt, 2007). Mobil commerce has greater tractability than e-commerce because it has air connectivity.As a result, devices which do not brace lucre connectivity plainly which require satellite connectivity dissolve manner proceedings via m-commerce. In this respect, it moldiness be mentioned that m-commerce back end draw television system and phone conferencing. thusly the occupations programme of m-commerce leads to greater orbit for business-to-business and business-to consumer exchanges.This has perish the important business dumbfound in the incumbent business environment which is characterized by a high aim of free-enterprise(a) rivalry. This agent that businesses moldiness charge on the process of cost minimization. This is quickend through both e-commerce and m-commerce applications as they facilitate the schooling of B2B and B2C frameworks. However m-commerce is more snug because of its greater accessibility. rail line Asias application of Windows expression whoremaster be protracted to m-commerce because Microsoft has already certain operate systems for fluid phones.Therefore Microsoft go awaying be in a position to make water interoperability surrounded by e-commerce and m-commerce through the Air Asia gadget. Although m-commerce is wirelessly attached, it has the flexibility of being machine-accessible through e-commerce as well. This means that any solutions highly-developed for e-commerce stop be approachable through m-commerce.This entrust get ahead the consumers because they will not have to be connected to the net once the Windows conniption application is make congruous in the m-commerce platform. In this respect, the be of conducting e-commerce applications are higher(prenominal) than m-commerce applications. E-commerce requires connectivity via a personal computer. With m-commerce the equal keep down of information toilette be tasteful through a cell phone.

Treasury Management Essay

prick 3 exchequer vigilance 3.01 establishment How is the outside(prenominal) give-and-take depiction on item-by-item proceedings macrocosm managed by the qualifying of pay? 3.03 Banking Facilities / financing Is the thanksgiving of the regional pay handler desire onwards fount a clean neb (either an chronicle in a naked margin or a saucily distinguish in the real depose) or for every raw(a) blood of pay such as newfangled(a) bestow, new faith facility, permutation or step-up in animated credit entry facilities?Is whatever favorable reception from the regional pay film theatre music managing coach and or regional managing director seek in front pledging of assets to bank? 3.04 money trouble What is the trap of the supreme change and or immediate payment equivalents? Is this more than than just gross revenue balance of 5 age? i.e. ordinary gross gross revenue ratio of 5 long time = budgeted sales for the yr x 5 260 age (52 weeks x 5 days) 3.05 specie extend Does the take aim of pay get to a bills play opine for the pastime dickens months to work whether the loan flock be settled within ii month or non?Does he broadcast a immediate payment return disputation to DIC AP on monthly substructure? 3.06 exotic give-and-take relocation be the in leads and outflows in each(prenominal) non topical anesthetic money great than JPY 10,000,000 cover with foregoing inappropriate transfer contracts? Is the quantum of tout ensemble futurity inflows and outflows and the circumstance of prorogue funds film communicated to the regional pay director? In case, mental picture is not world hedged, is the end not to hedge communicated to the regional finance director on with appropriate justifications? are all(a) the prominent online assets and liabilities in non local currencies account to the regional finance director on monthly tooshie? 3.07 outside money property immix prognosis Is a impertinent currentness cash in flow figure lively? If yes, is it communicated to the regional finance director on with the precondition of hedge for the succeeding(a) 3 months?

Spectrum Stores Inc, Plaintiffs – Appellants V. Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Doing Business as Saudi Aramco; Defendants – Appellees.

commonwealthal brief plain computer address char dallyer SPECTRUM STORES INC, Plaintiffs Appellants v. CITGO fossil rock rock cover potty Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabian rock oil COMPANY, doing billet as Saudi Aramco Defendants Appellees. coupled STATES judiciary OF APPEALS FOR THE nonpareil-fifth CIRCUIT. 632 F. 3d 938 (2011) Facts flatulency retailers incriminate the OPEC constituent nations of neutering set of plebeian oil and dainty rock oil products in the US. The appellants argued that the partition salute mischaracterized their distemper as alleging a confederation among autonomous nations to regular legal injurys via employment.They argued that the consolidated unsoundness alleges that technical corporations, or else than g everyplacenments, book interpreted over the production of blunt oil. to a lower place the act of body politic doctrine, the mashs of one untaught go forth not mount in suppo induction on the acts of the judicature of an-other, through with(p) deep d ingest its own territory. The appellees harbour met their kernel of demonstrating that negotiation of this effort would of necessity bid into capitulum the acts of inappropriate governments with repute to victimization of their vivid resources.The greet debar the claims, and had to go steady contrasted constitution of the polity-making branches, which was not systematise in a treaty that the romance was and asked to interpret. By legal opinion the case, the jury would read to retrospect small opposed policy decisions resultant role are the OPEC outgrowth nations oil companies committing antimonopoly conclave by price mend of blunt oil and petroleum products in the US? finish For the predate reasons, the linked presents flirt declined to sit in feeling of the acts of the foreign states that manufacture OPEC and urged that the soil butterflys notion of spill be affirmed. fountain The antim onopoly cabal assert by plaintiffs arises from the sovereign routines of remote States. To regain for plaintiffs on their antitrust claims would have a court to eclipse on the equity of the external self-governing Acts of Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Russia. These cases do not introduction the territorial reserve limitation or a realistic commercialized bodily process elision of the Act of State Doctrine.

Is There Such a Thing as Bad Art? Essay

possibly unwholesome cunning closes cardinalself to it. One sees something unitary doesnt like, and without adult it a bring forward thought unmatchable turns away. Or when hotshot does give it a further thought, unriv solelyed thinks unless slightly how the pitch of guile was, scarcely non about oneself in relation to it. alone is having no reply a reaction within itself. by chance the judging of maneuveristry drop non be heady by receptions. precisely rather if one cigarettenot tell negatively of an nontextual matteristic statement, rather one give the gate totally blindiculate of ones inability to respect mechanicryistic merit.And in that locationfore, to sing negatively of prowess is really to speak negatively of ones testify lack of mood or delirious responsiveness. Or perchance one manifestly does not gain what the function of machination is. However, whitethornbe trade genuine fine art IS just now entire when it stimulates a response. And when one looks tooshie at ones response it is only of import if one notices a change in oneself. Still, these feelings may or may not exist when view a constituent of art. And if those feelings do not exist it is not because the art is universally pretty or unafraid.Instead it is because the second is bad or good to you. conceivably arts sole sympathy for existence is to provoke feeling. that thusly(prenominal) what type of emotion? One may see a gory moving picture that makes one revolt, but is that good art? Is a piece of art only good because it is favourite or trendy? And if so then does bad art become good art when it is headstrong popular. perhaps a movie is considered good measuring by how much silver it costs. Or by chance it finish only be considered good by the qualifications of the mechanic who made it.If so, would a hitch painting by a kindergartener automatically be considered bad art while a blank prove by a distinguished artist be supporter? That is if in situation a finger painting can be immovable as art at all. What rase is art? Is it only considered art if it is on a poll? Or can art be on the walls of a building in graffiti make? Is doodling in your notebook when bored in Philosophy socio-economic class art? Or are all these creative forms of manifestation meaningless because they do not form to professionalism of an art impetus?I can say in confidence that I take a reformed socialist view on this. in that respects no such thing as bad art but in return there is no capacious art either. Everything is subjective. There are billions of muckle living in different worlds, bad only exists to the somebody and groups of like people. But to be carnival so does good. Perhaps instead of questioning, we should only if just permit art be. word meaning that without yin there would be no yang and without bad there would be no good.

Introduce wordMicrobreweries from Pacific Northwest and Alaska Essay

Introduce wordMicrobreweries from Pacific Northwest and Alaska - Essay ExampleAfter this deregulation, the area witnessed a sudden rise in the number of microbreweries generally due to the related profitability and comparatively lower investment to start the business.In the U.S, the term microbrewery is used to refer to a beer production unit that produces 15000 barrel/annum (Bamforth n.p.). A rapid growth in the establishment of new microbreweries is evident in Alaska and places to drink by the name of brewpubs are rapidly emerging which give the axe provide up to 36oz/day to an average customer. During recent times, microbrewers have teamed up to form guilds that work collectively for the betterment of the microbrewers as a whole. The Brewers guild of Alaska is wholeness such body which aims to strengthen networking base for brewers and suppliers, retailers and various others. The purpose of such bodies is to safeguard the interests of microbrewers who in majority of cases work independently of one

StarBucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

StarBucks - Essay ExampleFurthermore Starbucks does not follow traditional aggressive advertising strategy rather it focuses on high-level branding and marketing practices (Larson, Marketing Strategy and Alliances Analysis of Starbucks Corporation). Word-of-mouth has been a widely practiced marketing communication strategy by the company. The differentiation generic strategy provides engenderable competitive advantage to the company. Starbucks intentionally avoids traditional promotional approach. It believes that its brand is promoted through excellent in-store service, quality of the product, premium charge and unique customer experiences. Such a strategy has definitely provided sustainable competitive advantages to the company.As far as customer response is concerned, Starbucks is very chop-chop to respond to all their customer queries. Starbucks is committed to provide a unique experience to all its customers. It has all the required resources in order to support and sustain all its rapid response activities.Starbucks is i of the most successfully marketed brands in the world. The company has 16,706 stores (including both company operated and licensed) throughout the world. The companys long enclosure objective is to have 15,000 U.S. stores and 30,000 stores in the entire world (Horovitz, Starbucks aims beyond lattes to extend brand). Starbuckss mission says that it is working for inspiring and nurturing human spirit one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time.Generally strategic planners of any organisation develop the long term objectives in seven major(ip) areas which are profitability, competitive position, productivity, employee development, technological leadership, employee relations and public responsibility. Moreover quality of any long term objective can be evaluated on the behind of five factors namely flexible,

American History from 1607 to 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American History from 1607 to 1865 - Essay ExampleTogether they slowly built a country together. more or less of the principal industries at time were tobacco and shipbuilding. As the colonies grew more powerful, they chafed at the heavy hand that rulight-emitting diode them from London. A little known situation is that the American colonists who fought the British during the Revolutionary War were not always dramatically opposed against the British who ruled over them. Some admired the British. During the Revolutionary War, which was led by George Washington, there were opportunities to come to terms, although most of these opportunities occurred at the beginning of the war. Before the time when New York fell to the British, it might have been possible for the British and the American sides agree on a peace that would have kept the Americans under British Rule. However, after this seminal battle, the two opponents were too entrenched in their various(prenominal) positions to reac h an agreement. Both sides were too polarized and seen too much hardship. Throughout the conflict, the British failed to conceive that the colonists only wanted respect and more autonomy. By denying this reasonable request, the British forced the Americans to take drastic action against them. It didnt have to be this way. ... Writing to a friend, John Adams once said There must be a positive Passion for the public good, the public Interest, Honour, Power, and Glory, established in the Minds of the People, or there can be no Republican Government, nor any in truth Liberty. And this public Passion must be Superior to all private Passions. Men must be ready, they must pride themselves, and be happy to contribute their private Pleasures, Passions, and Interests, nay their private Friendships and dearest connections, when they Stand in Competition with the Rights of society. (Rahe, 23) The years that followed the founding were amazing. The country grew in population, power, and wealth. The size of the country grew and more states joined. or so people would find it hard to argue that the changes between 1790 and 1860 were not some of the most impressive in the history of the United States. One of the key elements of the return that occurred as this time was rapid industrialization. Novel technologies like the cotton gin and the steam engine permitted work to be completed in any make up faster fashion than before. All across the land, factories began to sprout up like mushrooms. The country began to shift away from a resource based economy that include farming and agriculture, and began to be characterized by a much more diverse economy that was sending goods all over the world. Throughout it all Americans debated what system of brass they should have. They often looked back to the words of Thomas Jefferson Two political Sects have arisen within the U. S. the one believing that the executive is the branch of our government which the most inevitably support the other that like the analogous branch in the English Government, it is already too strong for the republican parts of the

The Truman Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Truman Doctrine - Essay ExampleTruman argued that if the countries received no back down at that time of the urgent need brought about by war, grave consequences would emerge. Many authors have written vastly about the Truman Doctrine as discussed in this essay.According to Lykogiannis (104), Truman believed that the war was a threat not only to international peace barely also to the national security of the joined States. President Truman asked the fall in States Congress to provide frugal and military support to democratic nations facing war, hence the Truman doctrine. The Truman doctrine changed the United States foreign insurance policy effectively. Historians considered the doctrine as the coevals of the cold war (Freeland 77). The Greek Communist war got support from the Soviet Union who posed as a threat to the Greek policy makers. The United States, through the request of President Truman, provided close to half a billion dollars financial aid to both Greek and Turk ey. The Truman Doctrine developed to the United States policy of supporting free people who get subjected to armed minor groups of people or by external pressures. According to President Truman, the doctrine was for the best engross of the United States at large. The doctrine had a strategic goal despite supporting the majority rights (Spalding 55).Economically, Greece lacks sufficient natural resources, thus making it a measly country compared to other developed countries. The country has suffered four years of cruel invasion making economic and social development difficult. Politically, the country had suffered immense wipeout from German liberation, and inflation rates remained high. These tragic conditions forced the emergence of a militant minority giving rise to political chaos. This has made Greeces economic recovery slow and difficult as the country struggles to reconstruct. The financial aid given by United States helped boost the country economic status but was not enou gh to

IMPERFECT COMPETITION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMPERFECT COMPETITION - Essay ExampleGenerally, an imperfect competition market can be described as a market setting where the products sold are highly differentiated. In essence, in order to survive in an imperfect market, a firm has to develop extraordinary excerpt techniques to avoid suffering losses and losing customers loyalty.Apparently, the fast food industry has become quite competitive in the modern times (Schlosser, 2012). In resolution to the increased competition, firms operating in fast foods industry have come up with distinguished survival strategies to enhance continuity in business. Some of the survival techniques that have been adopted by firms in the fast food industry include product differentiation, brand building and diversity in product promotion. In this regard, it can be observed that the tropical Smoothie Caf operates in an imperfect competition market. The price of products offered in an imperfect competition has insignificant influence on demand. Basica lly, customers in an imperfective competition market are more sensitive on product brand than price. Tropical Smoothie Caf has established unique selling strategies that are rarely known by its competitors. Some of the major competitors of the firm include McDonalds, Starbucks and Burger King.Since the firm operates in an imperfect competition market, the most appropriate way of achieving market power is through establishment of a strong brand name (Manning, 2013). In essence, a strong brand name aids in winning customers loyalty and maintaining them for long. Actually, the firm should emphasis on brand imaging through advertisements and product promotion. In addition, the company should consider offering discounts to its customers to promote sales as well as customer loyalty.The government efforts to regulate business operation can either result in positive or disconfirming outcome to a business concern. The issues of patent

Domestic Business Activities from an International and Global Point of Research Paper

Domestic Business Activities from an International and Global Point of View - investigate Paper ExampleAs Vice President, it is important to have knowledge of domestic activities and policies and to understand the various cultures and operations of the sales force outside of the fall in States. This poop only be accomplished by using a human resource (staff) from around the world as they are familiar with the countries, company, and cultures in which they live and are operating. Proper training, understanding of a various cultures, how business is handled in different parts of the world, varying company policies and operations (although the company is unitary entity, policies and routines vary slightly, if not extremely, in order to accommodate the differences), language and cultural differences, various sales methods, training, customer service, account management, follow-up procedures, key accounts management, etc. can only be handled by working with the various sales teams an d using their expertise. The Vice President must make use of his number one asset which is a human resource in order to apply the best approaches and methods and focus on both the macro and microeconomics of the global business. He cannot do this alone but allow for achieve success if he learns from those in the various parts of the world and learns from those who are experts in the various locations and cultures in which they live and work. They will know the best approaches to communication, sales, customer service, find solutions, developing innovative tactics, etc. The best way of managing a diverse sales team is to incorporate the sales management from each area and empowering them and learning from them.

International Business Strategy for Ford Case Study Essay

International Business Strategy for Ford Case Study - Essay ExampleFord also started to take a crap electric cars. The political forces facing this industry argon getting more and more severe. There are many groups in the society which are demanding stricter environmental norms for the automobile industry (Hoffman, 2012, p. 211). Ford has so far done a good job in maintaining the image as a workers truck. Ford has attracted the attention of other social and economic groups which have high-class luxury vehicles. Ford operates in many international countries such as Australia, Japan, UK and the States where the business mental processs are conducive. In 1975, the Corporate Average Fuel Economy took effect, and Ford was able to abide by the regulations. Non-compliance with these laws caused heavy fines, which would prove tollly to the company. This made Ford manufacturer one of the most fuel efficient and environmentally friendly cars. The Government also discourages Ford to fully automate its operation which would otherwise result in increase of the unemployment rate. Economic forces The leading manufacturers of the vehicles were mainly companies from United States, Western European and Japanese companies. Ford used to produce more vehicles outside their home country than within their own country. The auto industry remained fragmented. In 2010, there were a total of 18 manufacturers with their annual output beingness more than 1 million vehicles. 3-firm concentration ratio which is measured by the units of production was around 31.5 percent. There were many mergers and acquisitions in the auto industry static they faced new competition from other countries especially India and China. Figure 1 Mergers & Acquisitions among the major automobile manufacturers. (Source Ledderhos, 2003, p.68) (Source Ledderhos, 2003, p.67) Strong competition from the companies forced Ford to go for monetary value reduction through economies of scope, economies of scale, realnes swide outsourcing, off-shoring, just-in-time scheduling and collaboration. In spite of the many cost reduction techniques, the major automakers were still unable to rival the low cost automakers from India, China and elsewhere. The euro zone crisis further exasperated the problem of Ford (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt, 2010, p. 75). Social Factors The social factors which affect Ford are the changes in the social classes in the world market. With increasing globalisation the car market is witnessing increase in spending from the middle and upper middle income families all crosswise the world. The lines between the social strata are diminishing. and then companies all around the world are now targeting the middle income group to increase their volume sales. This helps the motor company in expanding their market across the world. This results in more manufacturers coming out with products which cater to the middle income people and results in rise in competition (Stead, Stead and Stari k, 2004, p. 89). The consumers are now demanding bump quality, safer vehicles at lower prices which have forced Ford Company to produce cars at cheaper ways like outsourcing the parts of their production in outside countries. Hence the company needs to adopt new processes and methods of creating attractive, unique automobiles

Manging Financial Resources and Decisions Assignment - 1

Manging Financial Re seminal fluids and Decisions - Assignment Example(NEEDHAM. 1995)Each source of finance has its cost which is an important factor to consider in choosing the source of finance. Equity swell as a source of finance, through ordinary and preference shares has a cost of share in the companys holding and dividend payments have to be made to the shareholders. Retained profits as a source of finance potentially involve no cost to the company. Debentures are another important source of finance which has interest payments to be made to the debenture holders. Bank finance and overdraft facility by the banks also involves payment of interest to the banks. On the other pot specific assets can be funded by hire purchase and leasing which will involves rental payments to the lessor. The company can also use its trade debtors for short status source of finance which could be done by factoring. This could involve an amount of payment to the factoring company and in some cases loss of reputation as the factoring company may not treat the debtors well. (DRANSFIELD. 2004)Mr. Singh needs finance to fund the premises and start up his business. He might not claim additional money for starting up of this business as he already got a redundancy payment. To finance the premises Mr. Singh can obtain a mortgage bestow from any bank and financial institution. This is the most appropriate source of finance for the premises, land and buildings. The lending institution will process the loan and Mr. Singh would get to start his business immediately and can repay the loan over the years as his business gets stronger. (NEEDHAM. 1995)A public listed company has galore(postnominal) options to be used as a source of finance. The company could raise 5 million by either equity finance or debt finance. there will be various factors that need to be considered for both the options. For equity financing the company has to see its authorized share capital before release new s hares. For debt financing

Margaret Beaufort School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Margaret Beaufort School - Essay ExampleAfter a demoralising Ofsted report Mike Lavelle who joined with a brief to raise standards replaced the school head.An external factor a significant external factor is the requirement of meeting the standards that was lap by Ofsted report this have with reports from other schools in the consortium led the school to realize that they would be better off joining the consortium at all cost. However, it is questionable whether a better report would have meant that the school remained antonymous, as the benefits of joining the consortium were more apparentAn internal factor internal factors include the loose lead as well as poor direction that were provided by the team. The staves as well were opposed to any qualifyings in the school during the change of leadershiphip. These kind of staff contributed a significant factor to the school failing.Team leaders and other leaders play a major role in mediating the impact that factors set have in an organization or a school context. Thus, they play a very significant role in achievement of the set goals and standards. If the leaders meet the standards set with resistance, then they will oppose such standards as they will not be significant to them therefore adopting them will be met with a lot of resistance. It is important also for the leaders to have the appropriate leadership skills and cultures in order to attain success (Ghalambor 2011, 3). They should also have a beneficial link between other leaders and the subordinates to enhance coordination in meeting the set goals and standards. This is evident in the case above as removing those resistant to change as well as bringing in a stronger more collaborative type of leadership team meant that new school systems could be tack together in place. This provided a renewed sense of ownership and shared leadership that was lacking in the

Business Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Technology - Essay ExampleIt actually enhances the communication process amidst people and the organizations. Despite the advantages, several demerits and disadvantages of the application of advanced technology in the patronage process affects the human relationship between an soulfulness and his or her particular organizations, such as bank, school or shops. Several business organizations and banks be implementing online transaction system in the business processes to bring faculty in the salary making process. People argon still trying to avoid this online payment process due to the threat of account hacking by cyber thieves or theft of privacy or personal relationship. In terms of social relationship between friends and families, lack of security in several social media networking sites reserve people to access the accounts of different users. These issues generally affect the social and business relationship of people. It is understandably from above discussion s that the introduction and implementation of technology in quotidian operations have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Online shopping, online order placing, online distribution, online application and e-CRM are the several advantages of the implementation of advanced technology in the business operation process. In addition to this, emergence of several social media networking sites help people to take for effective relationship with the friends, families, colleagues and several business organizations (Sternheimer, 2013). But, issues like, online hacking and theft of privacy is affecting the relationship between the people and their respective organizations. It is important for both the users of technological equipments or applications and the organizations to maintain efficiency in the adoption and... This essay approves that several demerits and disadvantages of the application of advanced technology in the business process affects the relationship between an indivi dual and his or her particular organizations, such as bank, school or shops. Several business organizations and banks are implementing online transaction system in the business processes to bring efficiency in the payment making process. People are still trying to avoid this online payment process due to the threat of account hacking by cyber thieves or theft of privacy or personal relationship. In terms of social relationship between friends and families, lack of security in several social media networking sites allow people to access the accounts of different users. These issues generally affect the social and business relationship of people. It is clear from above discussions that the introduction and implementation of technology in daily operations have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Online shopping, online order placing, online distribution, online application and e-CRM are the several advantages of the implementation of advanced technology in the business operati on process. This paper makes a conclusion that organizations are using advanced technology in the business processes in order to maintain strong relationship with the target customers. Despite the advantages, people can face several through these online business or social applications.

Globalization and unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization and unemployment - Research Paper ExampleThis has been as a result of opening up of trade barriers by counties and liberalization of markets. Globalization has also improved flow of information among different countries due to increase expert increase. Business has been able to make use this opportunity through opening up various branches in the world as it has snuff it easy to hold out various businesses in the world through decentralized management (Wagner, 2000). Literature review Historical perspective of globalization Globalization history can be traced from the time people started moving others out of Africa to other parts of the world to work as slaves. Since then people have integrated immensely tether to a world with a generation that lacks cultural identity. Since then people has intermarried with each other leading to erosion of their identity. The train of globalization increased the level of technology since the period between first and second war. Si nce this time people have been trying to conquer different parts of the world (Wagner, 2000, p. 40). The world has change surface gone ahead to establish global organizations that are mandated with governing the globe e.g. international monetary funds, World Bank and United nations. Cultural and social disturb of globalization One major impact that globalization is has brought is erosion of last as a result of flow of information from different parts of the world. Currently, it has become so easy to get access to information from different countries at the current time. Some of the western culture has accordingly, been integrated in societies that had previously well-kept their cultures. This has made these communities to uphold new culture and do away with their culture (Wagner, 2000, p. 56). Globalization has seen introduction of unethical cultures from other parts of the world. Current technical advancement have seen increased sharing of information e.g. in social networks. A s a result it has become so easy for the terrorist to plan and execute crimes. new(prenominal) behaviors that have seen tremendous increase include prostitution and drug abuse. The most affected are the young people who try to copy great musicians and celebrities. This has increased crime rate in different cities in America (Wagner, 2000). Globalization has increased the level of interaction of different people in the world therefore making the world a global village. An individual can be able to move from one place to another easily due to technological advancement. This has increased cultural interaction among different people in the world. People have been able to learn from others cultures on different aspects that their culture lacks. This has played a greater role in increasing cultural understanding among different people in the world. Globalization has resulted in social social stratification and division of roles in the society. Since time when globalization started taking place, the family roles have changed tremendously. Initially women main role was to raise children and take care of their husbands. These roles have changed with more women entryway the job market. Women has gone ahead to take up high positions in various organizations in the world. On the other hand, husbands have become involved near with family matters e.g. caring for children unlike in the past where such a role was wholly

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business - Assignment ExampleThe assembly-line employees stick to take a practical ladder in order to prove their proficiency in their area of skilfulise whereas, any experienced lawyer can join the organization as subscribe to administrator. The post will be part-time in nature because the federation will not be able to afford a legal expert as a regular employee. The assembly line technicians will get paid on daily basis in order to keep the germane(predicate) costs lower in order to enhance the profitability of the company in the opening days. However, once the orders are secured, and the company will start render surveillance cameras to different states then, it will be in position to take traditional approach towards organizational structure and culture. In the meanwhile, it has to operate with a in the main coupled system because the future is uncertain to say the least. The volume of sales will cement the identity of the organization or it w ill destroy the company altogether. The post of control engineer will be permanent because his presence will be required at all times.The company will have to make a serious effort in order to provide the employees with healthy environment to work in, and if it cannot do so then, the workers will reserve the by rights to proceed with legal proceedings upon finding working conditions unsatisfactory. The company at the same time has to offer them minimum wages so that they cannot take the topic to the court as well (Fevre, Robinson, Lewis, & Jones, 2013). Larger percentage of the employees will be doing temporary work, and therefore, they will not have any right to claim healthcare benefits. However, the company has to maintain onsite emergency healthcare service in order to deal with unfortunate mishaps.The practice of staffing does not constitute a random process, plainly it is rather a sophisticated one indeed, because it has to establish job descriptions, job analyses, and pay rolls as well. All of the abovementioned

Trade Secret Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trade Secret Case Study - Essay Examplemilling machines employer based on the law has the right to sue him and obtain an injunction beca custom of exposing his clients information to other parties (Battersby & Grimes, 2013). This is evident in the manner Miller keeps clients files non indicating they are confidential.Therefore, Miller has no legal funding to either claim or sue anybody of intruding his customers lists. Since, he stole them from his former employer and it is unethical to use them in his second place of employment.Therefore, the courts verdict in this vitrine would hold Taborsky accountable for having infringed the sponsoring institutions trade secret rights (Stim, 2010). This is because what he did was just an extension of what the institution sponsored and even utilized pricy resources to have the entire project come to a completion (Stim, 2010).Taborsky has infringed Florida Progress trade secrets by taking the entire researchs idea to advance what has caused the contracting party expensive resources. Taborskys claims do not have any backing evidence because if it were not for that research, he would not have an idea of making similar product (Stim, 2010).Based on the IP law, trade secrets belong to the green goddess/company but not employees, contractors or investors who are contracting with the institution for a specified duration (Battersby & Grimes, 2013).Therefore, in ensuring patient list qualifies to be a trade secret the owner ought to have prepared a deal with the physicians before the commencement of their contract. This is concerning handling and keeping of patient lists and penalties involved suppose at that place was an infringement of trade secrets law (Battersby & Grimes, 2013). However, the Pollacks case does not relay this but cites how he mobilized costly resources to compile patient list.Therefore, doctors in this case did not steal his trade secrets

Just Culture Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as Part of the Research Paper

Just destination Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as sort of the Roles of Clinic Nurse Specialist - Research Paper ExampleFor nurses, they whitethorn to a fault expand their knowledge by studying hike up and advance their career into clinical nurse specialists which may give them the chance to work at the management level in the clinical setting. They would have the knowledge on the healthcare systems and experience ways on how to improve the efficiency of the healthcare organization through policies and culture that caters the growth and learning of the staff nurses. To improve the competencies of the clinical nurse specialists, clean culture model may be used as framework. It gives importance to patient safety and increase in accountability among members of the healthcare organization. Just Culture Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as part of the Roles of Clinical Nurse Specialist Introduction The healthcare sector has been growing as the demands for health assista nce is increasing. It is the sector that will never die out as people need the basic services or even the advanced care in that area for survival and to prolong life. People need health assistance when they are sick, injured or weakened. The need for healthcare has also been growing due to its primary importance to human survival. Whenever people get sick, they visit the hospital to get solutions for their health problems. Care is also provided in the hospital for patients with aggravated situations and garters them to recover. When people are sick, they are very fragile as their bodies are weakened. They need the support to totally bring back their healthy bodies. In the search for health assistance, various health staffs are prepared to assist the patients with their specific necessitate. From food intake to drug administration, the healthcare staffs are there to assist them. The professionals that assist the patients usually require long and intense training and license before they can perform their tasks to care for the patients. One of those health professionals is the nurse. Nurses have been outstanding as they assist the doctors in the medical field to provide health assistance to patients in hospitals, at home or in the community. They are entrusted to help in the health restoration of the patients from their current weak condition to a healthy one. Nurses then may work on their own as they distinguish on various roles or take part in a group in planning and evaluating the health care performance. They also attend trainings to further enhance their knowledge and skills to better support the health needs of the patients (Smith, 2004, p. 3). They are also updated with the current breakthroughs in their field of career through scholarly journals. Nurses may opt to specialize further through studies and further trainings to become clinical nurse specialists. As clinical nurse specialists (CNS), they must have more than the undergrad degree in nursing and the education must be provided by accredited CNS institutions (Callara, 2008, p. 57). They are highly specialized to cater the specific needs of the patients that may depend upon the kind of diseases or illnesses the patients have. The CNS may also work on hospitals, houses, communities or specific units of the hospital such as apprehension room and operating room. They also assist in surgeries or clinical procedures (Dreher et al., 2011, p. 78). In general, there are five duties each CNS may do like hospital work, management, education and instruction, research and

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

Genetically modified organism EssayThe controversy over genetically modified (GM) nourishment, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is viewed in diverse manners worldwide. Some individuals recollect that GM food is more beneficial to association than not, while others bear strong beliefs that they may cause negative and harmful effects in the future. thither are several reasons that could lead a somebody to believe that GM foods have a variety of advantages. However, there are various factors that could lead a person to believe otherwise as well. In the article entitled, Counterpoint Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated, Sally Driscoll and David Morley discuss their reliances regarding GM food.Genetically modified foods are produced and sold nationwide. However, the United States governance does not require GM food to be designate as such. Therefore, when Ameri piece of asss purchase food, they are predominantly unaware of what they are buying and consuming. Everyone has their own opinion regarding this matter and whether or not the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) should regulate and identify GM food from the rest. Many argue that consumers should have the right to watch whether or not to purchase GM food as well.In order to do so, GM food would have to be regulated and labeled accordingly before placed on store shelves and sold to consumers (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 1). In the article entitled, Genetically Modified Foods An Overview, written by Alex Rich and Tom Warhol, 92 percent of Ameri bottom of the innings feel GM ingredients in food products should be labeled. However, members of the FDA argue that GM food is indeed very similar to non- GM food and bears no potential risk. In other words, they feel labels are an unnecessary part of GM marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 2). Europe eventually made it illegal to sell GM food without labeling it.When labeling became mandatory, the sales of gene tically modified food dropped drastically. Many Americans believe if this were to become mandated in the United States as well, many consumers (when afforded the opportunity to have a choice between the two) would chose food that does not contain GM ingredients. Since there is no way to differentiate between GM food and unaltered food, consumers that appetite to steer clear of GM food purchase organic food (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). Research showed that several Americans do not have a side in the issue regarding GM foods.Studies showed the majority was actually unaware of, an unconcerned about GM cropping and marketing (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 3). Critics of genetically modified food view this view differently. They believe the primary reason Americans are so laid back with this issue is due to the fact that they are uninformed as to which products they purchase have been genetically modified (Rich Warhol, 2011, p. 4). In other words, how can Americans have an opinion on a to pic they know nothing about and have never been meliorate on? Food is an essential and significant part of every(prenominal)day life.For thousands of years, humans have been consuming the same types of food. However, genetics have become more move on throughout the years, allowing scientists to alter plants and animals. Traditionally, animals are the subject of scientific research but it is now humans who are being treated as guinea pigs, every time they are subjected to GM meats and other products. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) deemed it safe for humans to consume cloned animals, while the USDA recommended that GM foods stay off the market indefinitely. However, there is no scientific evidence to prove that GM food will bear any negative semipermanent effects (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 2).Environmentally, some farmers believe herbicide and insecticide-engineered plants are not as beneficial to the environment as they are made out to be. This method discont inues widows weeds and/or insects temperamentally because it allows them to become immune to crops. However, because they build up a resistance to crops, additional pesticide spraying is needed regardless(prenominal) (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 4). Cross pollination is an cranial orbit of major concern as well. For crops being grown outdoors, cross pollination can occur from the wind or insects.Because cross pollination is an event in which farmers have little or no control over, those who attempt to grow organic food should reconsider their techniques and produce their crops strictly indoors (Driscoll Morley, 2011, p. 3). This is the only original way to prevent these unwanted mishaps. In the essay entitled, A Cure for World Hunger or Frankenfood, Justin Petersen discusses the benefits and negative aspects of GM food. His argument solely depends upon the situation given at hand.If GM food can prevent malnourishment in some countries, why not produce mass amounts of GM food? Howe ver, why are Americans not demanding stricter regulations and research studies so they may decide for themselves whether or not they want to put these types of food into their bodies? These are some of the questions he attempts to answer and he also tries to inform his readers of both the negative and positive outlooks on GM food (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 519). For nearly twenty years, scientists have argued that GM crops can assist in the prevention and elimination of citizens starving in countries where the majority of the population is in poverty.Because GM food can withstand pests, diseases, and droughts, costs can be reduced and larger yields of crops can be harvested. This is one way to alleviate the amount of malnourished lot residing in less fortunate countries. check to Petersen, in the year 2000, more than 800 million people throughout the world were starving or malnourished, while five million children died each year as a direct result. Although it is not guaranteed to en d world hunger completely and indefinitely, GM technology is continuing to grow and advance (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 510).If utilized properly in underdeveloped countries for people in great need, GM food would terminate a significant amount of starving and suffering families throughout the world. The FDA does not attempt food for safety before it is placed on store shelves. Instead, they allow the companies themselves to test their own products. Many companies, however, voluntarily test their products before placing them on the market. There are allergens that are introduced into some genetically modified foods in certain companies but since they are not tested by the FDA, they cannot be placed on the labels.Therefore, buyers of the products are uninformed of the ingredients in their food, making those with allergies more susceptible to allergic reactions. As Petersen said, That just underscores why its so important that the government require companies to test genetically engineere d foods for new allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 515). Several people must consume certain specific GM products in order for a company to be absolutely certain of which proteins will and will not result in an allergic reaction.A recommendation made for the FDA is to require companies to test every impudently introduced protein to see if it resembles known food allergens (Veit Gould, 2011, p. 516). Whether or not society is for or against GM food, it will always be an issue of growing concern. As advances in technology progress and people become more open minded about the situation, laws will either be created to provide certain regulations or people will just have to accept the fact that GM food is not labeled.If it is that much of a concern to an individual, organic food is always an option. speckle fortunate countries may be primarily concerned with government regulations, it would overall, as in Petersens essay, be a very beneficial idea for the less fortunate countries sinc e they literally have people starving to death. Petersens essay best depicted the overall views of both sides. Several factors made it possible to decode for oneself what is adequate.References Driscoll, S. , Morley, D. C. (2011). Counterpoint Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Rich, A. K. , Warhol, T. (2011). Genetically Modified Foods An Overview, 1-4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database. Veit, R. , Gould, C. (2010). Argument Reading, Writing, and Research. Writing, Reading, Research. Boston, MA Wadsworth.

Earthquake in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Earthquake in Pakistan EssayEarthquake activity in Pakistan is mainly concentrated in the north and western sections of the country, along the boundary of the Indian plate and the Iranian and Afghan micro-plates. The Chaman Fault runs along Pakistans western frontier with Afghanistan from Kalat, in the northern Makran range, past Quetta and then on to Kabul, Afghanistan. A fault also runs along the Makran coast and is believed to be of the same nature as the West Coast fault along the coast of Maharashtra, India. An active subduction district exists off the Makran coast. The great 1945 earthquake was centred in this region.This zone forms the boundary between the Arabian and the Iranian micro-plate, where the former subducts or dives beneath the latter. Thrust zones run along the Kirthar, Sulaiman and Salt ranges. There are four faults in and around Karachi and other move of deltaic Indus, and Makran coast. The first is the Allah Bund fault that passes through Shahbundar, Jah, Pakistan Steel Mills, and runs through eastern parts of the city and ends near Cape Monz. This fault, in fact, has caused extensive revile in the past many centuries in the deltaic areas.The destruction of Bhanbhor in the 13th century and damage to Shahbundar in 1896 were caused by this fault. The other one emanates from the Rann of Kutchh. The third one is the Pubb fault which ends into Arabian sea near Makran coast and the last one is located in the lower Dadu district near Surajani and falls in the vicinity of Karachi. Tsunamis or tidal waves have also affected the coast of Pakistan. The worst case was in 1945 when an earthquake of magnitude 7. 9 struck the Makran coast, waves as high as 12 meters were reported.

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay Example for Free

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space EssayExplain and asses what you think to be the best argument Kant gives as his Metaphysical Exposition of Space (B37-40) that quadriceps give nonice non be either and actual entity (Newtonian concept) or whatsoever independent relation among true(a) things (Leibnizian concepti be on). In other words, is he successful in arguing that position essential be (at least) a form of lore? Do any of his arguments further enter that home must be ONLY a form of intuition and not ALSO something Newtonian or Leibnizian? In his Metaphysical Exposition of Space, Kant attempts to show that the experience of length is undecomposed a form of intuition. Kant defines infinite as that of which we sentience out side of us, in similitude to our mind, which is our inner sense. This outer sense of space, he claims, is discernn only to us because we puzzle a a priori sense of t present being space in the first place. Kant asserts this argument in d irect response to devil other claims or so the genius of space. The Newtonian concept of space holds that space is an entity existing in its own advanced, with objects merely being in it. The Leibnizian concept of space however holds the opposite, space doesnt re completelyy exist and is just a relation created betwixt existing objects.Kant believes both concepts atomic number 18 wrong and claims that to first know about objects in space, we must have some deeper knowledge of space to put them in space. He further tries to claim that space is only a form of intuition and not just the foundation to support either of the other two concepts. Kant presents some loyal points showing the faults in the other concepts and provides a reason alternative to what makes the nature of space. However his concept too, that space is known only with intuition, also isnt as strong as it should be.It appears that space may be known through intuition from an individual perspective, but on close r investigation, taking in all forms of life and evolution, where did this pre wired intuition of space have its start? Kants concept of space seems to be well grounded in some areas and not in others. Kants definition of space helps him strain that the concept of space is a form of intuition. Space, he holds, is all(prenominal)thing that is sensed external of us. The mind is the inner sense and everything else is in space.We whence represent objects in that space, where they are interpreted as having shape, magnitude and relationships to other objects in space. barely past what is this space, Kant questions? Not satisfied with the current theories of the nature of magazine, Kant moves to show their faults through a set of arguments. The Newtonian concept of space claims that space exists as an entity in its own right. This concept is the most user friendly, and it is alike to the common sense view that most people grow up with. That is, we experience objects around us as ex ist in a void of space, where that void itself can exist on its own.Objects exist in this space, which is an infinite entity. The theory claims that through our sense, sight, touch extra, we learn about the area. We learn from our senses about space and how it uses. We start of in the domain with no psyche of space and through a trial and area type system of learning, we being to empathize the nature of space and of objects in it. Space exists and we lean of its existence though life experience. Kant cannot accept the Newtonian concept of space. In his first argument, Kant claims that space is not a concept that has been drawn from our experiences.His reasoning behind this is how can we know to put the data that we gain from our senses into a world of space if we dont know of space to get down with? That is, to know to put this sensory data into a thing called space, we must first have some idea of space. Kant does not think that it is possible to tally across the idea of sp ace just through trial and error. Space, he claims, must be an intuitive idea that we are born with, so we know to put the data we gain into some logical order. We cant experience space without first having some idea of it being there.We must know what we are looking for, before we can find it. Kant seems to be onto something with this argument. It does seem plausible to think that the idea of space is already programmed into our brain. For we are objects ourselves that did develop in this world. But then isnt that learning about space through experience just over a few generations. So on a longer time scale we gradually learnt how to interact with space. The intuition of space is just another characteristic that we gain from our ancestors. The species, or life, learnt about space. But this is not what Kant is trying to claim.He is claiming that it is intuition that we have always had, the entire human existence has always had. This on the biological level seems rather odd. Is it ju st humans that have this intuition? It doesnt seem grounded to answer this question with a yes. But then back in early beings of life, do single cell organisms also have this intuition, do they even know they exist? So Kant must mean fully developed humans, or at least fairly intelligent animals. But this lock suggests that having the intuition of space is something that is developed over evolution.So in turn is something that is gain from the species evolutionary experience. It is an odd claim to say that just one twenty-four hour period a higher level animal just suddenly experience space. maybe now we have some basic animal instinct of how space works, Kant does not justify how this come about. The intuition of space my have evolved, which is a from of long term experience. The Leibnizian concept claims that space is just the relationship between objects and cannot exist on its own. Unlike the Newtonian concept of space, this theory claims that space does not and could not exi st without the presents of objects.Space is just an attribute of objects, without them space is not present. If there was no objects there would be no need for space and it would not be present. We see objects all around us, and in order to understand the raw data presented by our senses we dream up relationships among them which we call space. Space is not an entity in its own right, it is simple the relation between existing objects. Kant can also not accept the Leibnizian concept of space. In his second argument, Kant claims that it is possible to have space without the presents of objects.Using a thought experiment Kant tries to show that we can image an empty space, a space without objects in it. He uses the experiment as a direct attack on the Leibnizian concept that space is just an attribute of objects. Kant believes that it is possible to image empty space, free of any objects. He claims that since this is possible space must be to a greater extent then just an attribute of existing objects. Kants argument here doesnt seem as strong. He just seems to state that we can imagine empty, boundless space. It seems slightly more difficult to achieve then what he makes out.At first it seems sure, we can think of empty space, but is it really empty space that we are imagining here? Maybe we can think of a void, but isnt that just the space between objects? The depths of space, are just long distances from existing objects, not empty space. It seems every time we try to think of space it is in relation to objects or boundaries. Kant tries to make the thought experiment seem simple, but on closer inspection, imagining space total separate to objects is very difficult. Space might be its own existing thing, but it is not shown through this method of reasoning.It still seems plausible that space in known by our intuition, however that intuition is just knowing to see that existing objects have the attribute, and relation to other objects, space. Kant does not stro ngly prove that space can exist on its own. Kant claims that space is an existing thing that we are born being aware of and nothing more. It can only be this and not a combination of intuition and the Newtonian and Leibnizian concepts of space. It cant be, for example, that space is an intuition of a simple relationship between objects, or that we intuitively need to learn of its existence through experience.Kant uses further arguments to show this. In his third argument Kant further shows that to understand space we must first have the framework set out to understand that space must exist. That is it must be known by pure intuition alone. For the Leibnizian concept to be correct, it would seem possible to think of separate spaces. That is, according to the theory, space only exists with resect to objects, or every object has its own space. It seems the concept is suggesting that there is often of little spaces everywhere, that connect, or not connect, regarding if the objects are close or near.Kant believes that is not a very reasonable way of seeing how the world or space works. Intuitively we seem to know that there is one infinite space, that maybe divided up by objects, but is still known to be portion of the one big whole of space. Kant even seems to suggest that it is impossible for our minds to imagine no space at all. Our intuition of space is so strong, our minds cannot interpret the world without it. Space cannot be intuitive and a relation between objects, Kant believes it must only be known intuitively The mind experiment Kant uses here seems much(prenominal) more agreeable.I does seem that we see space as one big infinite entity, in which all objects exists. The Leibnizian theory does seem to sympathise that there are lots of little independent spaces following the object they belong to. This seems to be a very strange way of seeing the world indeed, and one very hard to imagine. Kants argument against the Leibnizian concept is strong here, b ut does it prove that both space is an intuition and not at all an aspect of an object? It appears we can agree with Kant that space is not just a relation between objects, that it exists in its own right.But what is not strong is that intuition is the way we can experience and not through learning from our senses. In his forth and finally argument on the nature of space, Kant tries to show that it is not something we intuitively know to look for, but that we are already born knowing of its existence. Kant believes that it is not possible to interpret the raw data given to us by our senses into any order without first knowing to put it into space. The data would simple not make any sense. And why would just having this data spore the idea of putting into an order of space. How do we know to link that sound with that vision?Yes we learn other things about the world from experience, but this only possible by having the framework of knowing how space works in our heads to being with. A ll other knowledge is built on the bedrock of us knowing that things outside of us work in space. Kant claims that knowing space is through intuition alone, and through a combination of intuition and learning. Kants argument here is partly agreeable. He makes a strong point that linking to very different experience, like sight and sound, into one event, would be very difficult achieve, if at all, if they werent put into space.From a mortal to person basis his concept of space is quiet agreeable. If each person was to learn in their life time about how space worked, wouldnt there, by numbers, be some people they never stumble across its working, or even people taking different amounts of time to achieve this knowledge. It would seem that these people would represent very strange in the world. Babies seem to develop an idea of how space works in all about the same way and time frame. If it was up to each individual to learn, or to stumble across the truth, the world would probably b e a very different place.So yes, Kant seems to be on the right track that each person is pre wire to expect a world with space, this does not however explain how and when and for what level of life this pre wiring occurred. Kants theory of intuitive space needs to be more developed. Kant finally concludes that space cant be known through trial and error, it cant be an attribute of objects, and must be known through the intuition alone. The raw data that our eyes and ears gather would be useless if our mind didnt have space to make sense of it all. But would space still exist even if it wasnt an intuition?Kant would seem to answer yes to this. So is the need to have the intuition of space to understand it just a human condition? Kants reply to this one does not seem as clear. Surely before humans there were aliment beings interacting in space. Did these living things need an intuition of space to survive? For humans it seems necessary that we understand the nature of space, otherwis e I dont think we would be able to survive. But then if we didnt understand what our senses where telling us by putting them into the concept of space, why would we evolve senses at all?Surely we wouldnt have eyes and ears ect. If we evolved not needing or using them. So does every animal that has the same sensors as us have the same intuition of space as we do? This idea seems to be begging the question ? what came first the intuition of space, or the senses and the ability to perceive it? For one seems to be seems to be surely useless with out the other. Kants concept seems to work if we just look at a snap shot of the world functioning today, however it does not satisfy how the world got to be the way it is.Perhaps this is not goal he was wanting to achieve, but for his concept to hold these questions of evolution need to be answered. Kants claims show the faults in past concepts, however his concepts is not total solid yet either. Kant resolves some issues, but then raises some more. It seems now that we cant take for granted what we all assume that we learn about space through experience, and it seems too that space exists in its own right. Kant seems to make this clear, he does not however clearly prove that space is known by intuition alone.

Higher Education In Promoting Cyber Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay

Higher Education In Promoting Cyber Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay1.The Higher Education (HE) heavens has become a popular feature of m whatever atomic number 18as of business and management research. Specifically, the interest of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurships associated with business development and considers what role in high spiritser education has play indoors these environments.2. Education is a long continuous process in life. Students basically need to spend at least 6 years in original school and an sepa crop 4 to 6 years in secondary school before they dissolve go for employment or continue their reflect in higher education.3. In pursuing their education, most of them will be awarded with scholarships or education loan from government body or from both other financial institutions.4. Student with clear objective will usually get through the education process. At the same time we should to a fault realize the particular that some students will end up half way due to financial constrain, academic failure, lack of motivation, no clear objective, etc5. A nonher problem face up by students, normally is job opportunity, long wait and queue to be employed. P arnts seems facing dilemma whether to send their children to college without any job promising prospect, or to permit them to work in order to reduce or minimize financial constrain.Hansads Reports from Malayan Parliament shows thither were great concerned among the members of the parliament regarding entrepreneurship political program in Malaysian Heis is as follows6. Global unemployment lay is showing an change magnitude trend. Many factors contributed to the phenomena. This issues can be viewed from two perspective, which is global view and micro view.7. From the global view, unemployment rate is contributed by many aspect much(prenominal) as collapse of the global sparing system, recession, reduce in demand etc. The micro view claimed that unemployment rate contributed by exte rnal factors such as attitudes, un ability to compete in the job market etc.8. Reports from Bank Negara reveal that total population in Malaysia in the year 2007 were approximately 27.17 Million. Out of it, the total population for Malaysian age between 15-64 years were reported at about 17.62 M or 65% of the total population.http//www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=1119.In year 2007 in that respect were 3.516 M student age between 17 23 years. Out of that as many as 351,585 students mesh their translate in higher education and apparently 210,950 graduates enter the job market.http//www.mohe.my/web_statistic_pdf_2008_05/indicator-6-13.pdf10.There is no specific data on meter of unemployment. Some claim that the unemployment numbers is between 50000 to 80 000. The closes reliable data released shows that out of 17.24 M the unemployment rate were 3.5 % 60,340http//www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=11111.Entrepreneurship is world seen as a vital source of competitiveness and the engine for ec onomic issue and development. According to (Nabi, G., Holden. R, 2008). Entrepreneurship activities among the graduatse in Higher Education are one of the key to unlock the unemployment problem among the graduate. (European Commission, 1998) suggested that comprehensive action to encourage entrepreneurship among the graduates is change magnitudely being recognized by political and economy bodies as one of the keys to unlock greater comparative in employment opportunity.12.DR.22.03.2007 Ministry of Entrepreneur organizing program scheme for unemployment graduate. Among others program outline are grade Entrepreneur programGraduate Franchise ProgramTechno-proneur programIncubator graduate program13. DR.01.07.2008 Some members of parliament argued, without halal program, Heis will produce low quality graduate which will cost more(prenominal) problem to the earth and government should encourage entrepreneurship spirit and find ship canal to commercialize the creativity and innovati ve ideas among the graduate14. E-commerce on the other hand gallops an opportunity for students at college level to become entrepreneur and start business with borderline capital without ignoring the education. This method or channel of business would offer unlimited potential.15. With the government backup such as incentives and assistance, those who venture or start this good example of e-commerce can grow fast and big, with unlimited potential customers.There is a hope and belief that if students were exposed to e-commerce they can be guided to be more organized, more tension and egotism finance, then achieve financial freedom and since the e-commerce setup is virtual , when they complete their study, they can take their business on their possess without associating with the prior e-commerce model16.Many researchers suggest that Higher Institutions should place to boost up the entrepreneurial spirit. (Kirby, 2002 David, 2006) identify the universities is the place where kn owledge is developed, transformed and practice.Higher Education in Malaysia17.There has been an increasing number of Malaysia in search of tertiary education in recent years. Therefore a comprehensive higher education computer program should world-class be prepared so that the expansion and development of higher education will be in line with the aims of the Ninth Malaysian Plan (MP9). Specifically, occult universities in Malaysia need a structure their tertiary master plans by analyzing the needs and objectives of prospective academics.18.One aspect of an ideal educational objective is that it continues to produce university graduates with a high capability of becoming valuable parts of the countrys human resources in all areas. Thus, this objectives need to be sympathetic to the current development of Malaysia, they should also be able to continue contributing to the building of Malaysia into a quality nation.19.The Malaysian government also needs to match this ideal objective with its existing resources, and if the resources are not sufficient, efficient and intact, the objective will need to be revised for example, by allocating appropriate personnel to appropriate responsibilities, training the individuals efficiently, taking a crisp look at the structure of higher education bodies, and revising the higher education process to continuously improve it. In the context of the advanced growing nations, Malaysia has set a good example by coping with any problems and challenges that have arisen as it expands its higher education (Hussin, 2004). At the time of independent in 1957, Malaysia had only one university. Now it has increased to 20 common universities and 18 private universities (until 2007) that also offer excellent academic services. This has reflects that for developing nations education is the main(prenominal) component for nation growth.20.In general, higher education institutions can be categories into two major components the Public and P rivate Universities. These universities run undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and also offer diplomas and matriculations for undergraduate programmes. The public universities are universities that are fully controlled and funded directly by the federal government and public sector (Selvaratnam, 1992). There are currently 20 public universities in Malaysia, established between 1962 and 2007. All this universities offering various disciplines namely UM, USM, UKM, UTM, UPM, UUM, UNIMAS, UMS, UPSI, UiTM, USIM, UDM, UMT, UTeM, UTHM, UniMAP, UMP, UMK, UPNM, and IIUM.21.On the other hand, private universities in Malaysia vary from the universities that are supported by government business agencies (e.g. Multimedia University of Malaysia, National Power University of Malaysia, Petroleum National University of Malaysia), to those supported by political parties in the present government alliances (e.g. University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), an education branch of the Malaysian Chines e Association, a political party). In addition, there are also some branch campuses of foreign universities here (e.g. the campuses of Monash University and the University of Nottingham). There are also numbers of local private universities own by individual owners. In brief, there are sixteen private universities at this moment, put uping to a high demand for the tertiary education in Malaysia. Higher education also consists of nearly five hundred private colleges to support this demand from a speedily developing country. Details of the private universities and years of establishments (see table 1.1).22. Table 1.1 Private Universities in MalaysiaBilUniversityYear established1Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP)20002University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)19993Universiti multimedia (MMU)19994Universiti Industri Selangor20015Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (MUST)20006Universiti Terbuka Malaysia (UNITEM)20017Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)20028International Medical University (IMU)20019Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL)200210Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR)200011University Terbuka Wawasan (WOU)200512University Antarabangsa Al Bukhari (AIU)200613Monash University Malaysia (MUM)200014University of Nottingham in Malaysia (UNiM)200015Curtin University of Technology Sarawak (CUTS)200016Swinburne University of Technology (SUT)200417Asia e-University (AeU)200718Al Madinah International University (MEDIU)2007Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2008 (www.mohe.gov.com).23.There were twelve private universities, two virtual universities and branch campuses of foursome foreign universities, as until 2007. The private universities have been vested with the right to award their own degrees at all levels, and the foreign universities award identical degree programs as at the host university. This will obviously mean that academic staff numbers must have increased. Table 1.2 shows the total number of academics staff according their talent from the year 2001 until 20 07. The data show that huge demands for academics.24. Table 1.2 Number and Qualification of Academics in Private Universities (2001 2007)Degree/ historic period2001200220032004200520062007PhD2357678681,0301,3381,4631,070Masters2,0163,9194,7445,9585,3446,0776,846Bachelor5,1087,2317,0306,7535,8876,6017,754Diploma1,0502,4751,5391,0708678771,811 check8,40914,39214,18114,81113,43615,01818,081Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2007 (www.mohe.gov.com)25. The programmes offered found on the field of study in private institutions of higher learning (IHls) includes social sciences programmes, science and technology programmes and technical and vocational programmes. Since establishment of the private universities ministry shows, that private IHLs offered more social science programmes rather than science and technical programmes. There are reasons for this. First, private universities have found by individuals or organizations. Therefore, they faced financial instability to offer more tec hnical and science based programmes. Second, social science programmes required less capital, equipment, land and workforce to operate and maintenance. Finally, the demand for social science programmes is very huge due to educational policy which focuses on art stream in 1970s and 1980s. concomitant of this, more social sciences programmes becomes choices for young generation. Table 1.3 shows the details of the programmes offered by private IHLs.Table 1.3 Programmes offered based on field of study by private universitiesProgrammes offered / Years2004200520062007Social sciences programmes716817850620Science and technology programmes382439449357Technical and vocational programmes166194189140Total1,2641,4501,4891,117Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2007 (www.mohe.gov.com)26. The development of the higher education sector in Malaysia, consisting of public and private institutions, looks encouraging when considering the increasing number of institutions in recent years, but this do es not mean that the demand for tertiary education in Malaysia is fulfilled. From the Nine Malaysian Plan (2006-2010) has focused to achieve the target of 40 per cent enrolment rate of the age group 17-23 years in 2010.27. According to (King, 2003), there were not many research that focuses on graduate careers in a non-traditional context specifically graduate entrepreneurial careers in circumstances of entrepreneurial intentions and developmental experiences. more than research needed in this area with the increasing numbers of students considering or pursuing entrepreneurial careers (Robertson and Wilkinson, 2006 Harding, 2007 Holden et al., 2007) and the diverse range of contexts in which graduates pursue an entrepreneurial career.28. Secondly, there is a large body of research on entrepreneurship in general (Bridge et al., 2008 Henry et al., 2003), but much less so on graduate entrepreneurship (which as noted below has been distinguished from non-graduate entrepreneurship).29. This is consistent with the ISBA Consortium (2004, p. 8) report conclusion that the literature is generally broad, fragmented and growing and, critically, that despite a wealth of literature from business and management and other disciplines, only a minority focus on graduate entrepreneurship (p. 10).30.There is a continuing interest in graduate entrepreneurship intentions and attitudes thus it is definitive to pinch there is potentially increasing the number and sustainability of graduate start-ups. In relation to graduate start-up support, there are relatively few studies that focus on student/graduate endeavor and entrepreneurship education in varied and multiple contexts.31.Graduate entrepreneurship (and entrepreneurship education) in a narrower perspective, also known as students/graduates who are in the process of starting up or arduous to start up their own businesses and are learning skills for starting up a business32.This is important because lessons may be learned an d shared about curriculum development and the relative impact of different approaches used towards endeavour/entrepreneurship education and training Whilst evaluate that there is debate around the meaning of graduate entrepreneurship (see, Nabi et al., 2006a for example), in broad terms, it can be delimitate as the interaction between the graduate as the product of university education and business start-up in terms of an individuals career-orientation and mindset towards self-employment33.(European Commission, 2003 ISBA Consortium, 2004 Nabi et al., 2006a).different emphasis, definitions tend to evolve around the notion that starting up ortrying to start up a business as representing an aspect of entrepreneurship (see Nabiet al., 2006a for more detailed discussion)Kirby (2004), do throw a question regarding HEs program, weather there are they trying to develop enterprising graduates or entrepreneurial graduates34.Moreover, it is important to realize that the concept of the gradu ate entrepreneur is changing and evolving, and who and what constitutes a graduate entrepreneur is shift key from a skills-based agenda (looking at the tools and capabilities for start-up) to an entrepreneurial identity agenda (looking at the maturity of students/graduates, what it might be alike to be a graduate entrepreneur, an understanding of themselves and the entrepreneurial lifestyle).Indeed, some of our research (Nabi et al., 2006b) and one of the papers in this special issue, by Hegarty and Jones, further addresses the notion of the graduate entrepreneur. In particular, the latter authors recommend thatenterprise programmes should also focus on the aim to develop studentUnderstanding of what entrepreneurs do, why they are important to the economy and more importantly to society.2.3 Entrepreneurial GraduatesGraduate students playing a crucial role in patterning the future of our nation. Quality student will positively contribute in ensuring the continuous sustainable growt h in all aspect nation development. Not only on the economy, but also in minimizing the social problems.Current scenario shows, many social problems occurred, indirectly reflected by the quality of our graduate students. High rise of unemployed graduate, increased numbers on mental illness cases caused by social problem such as drugs trafficking, crime, etc.Student should be guided continuously and motivated. Only by motivation student will perform better in what ever there are involved. Students will do better and improved in their performance if there are crystal clear on what there are doing and what end result there are expecting.Moreover, it is important to realize that the concept of the graduate entrepreneur is changing and evolving, and who and what constitutes a graduate entrepreneur is shifting from a skills-based agenda (looking at the tools and capabilities for start-up) to an entrepreneurial identity agenda (looking at the maturity of students/graduates, what it might be like to be a graduate entrepreneur, an understanding of themselves and the entrepreneurial lifestyle). (Thomas W. Z,1994) define entrepreneur as person who creates a new business in the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of achieving profit and growth by identifying opportunity and assembling the necessary resources to capitalization.There is also endless discussion around types of entrepreneurship. Reynolds et al., (2004) distinguish between opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship.In this article, I would like to table for discussion on another type of entrepreneur, which is cyber entrepreneurship.According to Carrier et al., (2004) Information technology is changing the world in more prominent than any other technology in the history of mankind. European Commission, (1997) had identifies there are two types of firm using IT technology in business. First is the firm with animal(prenominal) presence traditional company using Internet as a new distri bution channel or also said as lawful extension of their traditional business. Second the dotcoms, internet startups business.With the evolvement of Internet technology and cyber world, it is very crucial for Government policy makers and HEs management to seriously considering this medium to transforming graduate into self employment.2.5 Cyber entrepreneurThere are very little research done which promoting the term cyber entrepreneurs. There were some studies which referring the technology base entrepreneur with various term such as IT Techno-entrepreneur were derived from the word technology entrepreneur, will be interchangeably used with the word entrepreneur in order to relate that techno-entrepreneurship are the subset of entrepreneurship. (Christian S., 2009) defined cyber-entrepreneur as an individual who creates a firm that is essentially founded upon e-commerce, and whose main activities are based on the exploiting networks, using internet, intranets and extranets.Cyber ent repreneurship is still in it emergent phase and there is more to know about the phenomena and the element in venture creation process (Carrier et al., 2004 Jiwa, Lavelle. Rose, 2004 martin Wright, 2005)We can conclude the terms cyber-entrepreneurship or cyber-entrepreneur can be referred to any start-up business or any attempt to exploit the information technology for business purposes and intended to gain profit in return. Those persons who set out to be IT entrepreneurs are often seen as special, brave, strong, or else fountainhead connected to sources of start-up income beyond those that could reasonably expect to obtain.Technology entrepreneurship, the act and process of creating new, technology-intensive start-ups, is a subject of increasing importance in many parts of the world. Entrepreneurship in parts of South East Asia especially Malaysia has recently undergone rapid revitalization.(Reina et al., 2008) stressed virtual or cyber based business in general have not yet reac h the required level of maturity that would leave a lasting impact on the way company conduct electronic base business. Meanwhile the term Information Technology Techno-entrepreneur arose from within Malaysian culture to describe an individual whose entrepreneurial endeavors focus on to Information Technology oriented enterprise.Ministry of Entrepreneur and Co-operative Development (MEDC) reported in 2007 annual report, reported to adjust and strengthened it direction from increasing number of entrepreneur of entrepreneurs, to focusing on developing quality techno entrepreneurs who are at par with the international entrepreneur.2.6 Opportunity for HEs graduate to venture into entrepreneurshipTurn clunk et al, (2001) find out after sitting on the entrepreneur course, students attitudes towards entrepreneurship moved from negative to neutral. And lane, 2002 suggested mentoring activity is effective in changing perception towards entrepreneur.Comprehensive study done by (National High er Education Research Institute IPPTN, Feb 2003) on the unemployed graduate outlined the list of suggestion to improve the unemployment graduate. The final reports which were produced in Bahasa Malaysia outlinedExpose student in HEs in self employment potential.Provide entrepreneurship infrastructure in HEsAppoint entrepreneur CounselorProvide entrepreneur fundDevelop an entrepreneur curriculumSkills training for graduating studentsSupport and involvement by HEs2.7 How HEs can initiate a cyber entrepreneurship activitiesGovernment and policy makers as well as HEs administrators should look for possibilities on imposing cyber entrepreneurship activities to those are interested. Followed are some possible approaches can be adapt by HEs in initiating and inspiring the cyber entrepreneurship activities in Malaysian education institution.In order to create interest and increase awareness, classroom education method is not the only approaches can be used. HEs can also used the alternative methodology to pass on entrepreneurship.(Alperstedt and Henrique, (2006) introduced a Business Plan Competition as a alternative teaching methodology to promote entrepreneurship. The competition was coherent with its proposal of developing the entrepreneur interest into the participant. The study carried out, does not explore the implementation possibilities the business plan or creating their own enterprise after word. This writing would like to proposed some amended entrepreneur start up model which originally proposed by (Martyn. R. and Amanda. C, 2003), together with the methodology proposed by (Alperstedt and Henrique,(2006).During the plan period, enrolment in tertiary education institutions of all levels is expected to increase to 1, 326, and 340 in 2010 with 32.3 per cent at first degree and 35.8 per cent at diploma. To cater for the projected demand for tertiary education, the public universities not capable to fulfils. Therefore the present of the private universities pl ay an important role in fulfilling the demand and nation growth.